Einfluss von ökologischer und sexueller Selektion auf den phänotypischen Polymorphismus beim Erdbeerfröschchen Dendrobates pumilio
Zusammenfassung der Projektergebnisse
Different types of natural selection pressures play important roles in phenotypic divergence among populations and therefore contribute to speciation processes. In this project we investigated the contributions of sexual selection and predator selection on the phenotypic diversification in the aposematic and highly color polymorphic poison frog "Dendrobates pumilio". Our model species is divided into two genetic lineages: in the northern (CR) lineage all frogs are red but in the southern lineage frogs are polymorphic (red, yellow, green, blue and other color phenotypes). The advertisement call the males use to attract the females varied among frog populations but mainly among both genetic lineages. Field experiments were carried out in 2 Costa Rican and 4 Panamanian frog population. These frog populations also varied in their dorsal coloration. Female choice experiments revealed that females in the southern lineage (Panama) were more selective than females in the northern lineage (Costa Rica). Overall females preferred males that emitted calls of their own genetic lineage, while the dorsal coloration played a minor role. Even though in few populations females showed a tendency to prefer males with brighter coloration, the preference for the correct call was much stronger. Another experiment tested with clay model frogs whether predation pressure was associated with frog coloration. These experiments showed that mainly birds, rarely reptiles or crabs, predated on the frogs. Predation risk differed among frog color morphs: Overall, blue frogs were more likely to be attacked and yellow frogs were less likely to be attacked. However, in none of the localities the local color morph was better protected than others against predators. Interestingly predator pressure varied among localities, and frogs were most conspicuously and brightly colored in localities with the highest avian predation pressure. In summary our study showed that female selectivity was strongest among both genetic lineages - but not among color morphs - and mainly based on calls. However, at the local scale it seems that females in some populations developed a preference for brighter more conspicuous males while a high avian predation pressure also seems to have selected for conspicuous and bright coloration.
Projektbezogene Publikationen (Auswahl)
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Alternative mating tactics in the strawberry poison frog (Oophaga pumilio). Herp Journal 21: 275-277
Meuche I, Pröhl H
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Female territoriality in the strawberry poison frog (O.pumilio). Copeia 2011(3): 351-356
Meuche I, Linsenmair KE, Pröhl H
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Intrasexual competition, territoriality, and bioacoustic communication in male strawberry poison frogs (Oophaga pumilio). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 66: 613-621
Meuche I, Linsenmair KE, Pröhl H
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Only distance matters - non-choosy females in a poison frog population. Frontier in Zoology 2013, 10:29
Meuche I, Brusa O, Linsenmair KE, Keller A, Pröhl H
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Multiple sexual signals: calls over colors for mate attraction in an aposematic, color-diverse poison frog. Frontiers in Ecolology and Evolution, Vol. 2. 2014: 22.
Dreher C.E., Pröhl H.
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Territorial behavior and geographic call variation in male strawberry poison frogs. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Bremen 47/2. 2014, pp. 233–240.
Inglis-Arkell C., Pröhl H., Hoffmeister T.S.
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An Analysis of Predator Selection to Affect Aposematic Coloration in a Poison Frog Species. PLoS One, Vol. 10. 2015, Issue 6: e0130571.
Dreher C.E., Cummings M.E., Pröhl H.
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Mating status correlates with dorsal brightness in some but not all poison frog populations. Ecology and Evolution, Vol. 7. 2017, Issue 24, pp. 10503-10512.
Dreher C.E., Rodriguez A., Cummings M.E., Pröhl H.
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The effects of background coloration and dark spots on the risk of predation in poison frog models. Evolutionary Ecology, Vol. 31. 2017, Issue 5, pp. 683–694.
Preißler K., Pröhl H.
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Female-female aggression is linked to food defence in a poison frog. Ethology, Vol.125. 2019, Issue 4, pp. 222-231.
Pröhl H., Scherm M.G., Meneses S., Dreher C.E., Meuche I., Rodríguez A.
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Mate choice vs mate preference: inferences about color assortative mating differ between field and lab assays of poison frog behavior.
American Naturalist, Vol. 193. 2019, no. 4, pp. 598-607.
Yang Y., Blomenkamp S., Dugas M.B., Richards-Zawacki C.L., Pröhl H.
