Farbpolymorphismus in einer Hawaiianischen Spinnenart: Eine genomische Analyse der molekularen Grundlage von Anpassungsprozessen
Evolution, Anthropologie
Zusammenfassung der Projektergebnisse
Several 100 specimens of the happy face spider were sampled from all islands colonized by the species. A de novo genome assembly was generated from DNA of a single specimen from the island of Maui. DNA Pools of each of 50 specimens of two color morphs were created, the plain yellow and the “happy face” morphs. Using a new association-mapping tool for pooled sequencing data, loci were identified in the genome, which associate with the color trait. The current genome assembly will be further improved using long read sequencing data. During my fieldwork on Hawaii I became fascinated with the unique and diverse arthropod communities of the archipelago, and the insights they could provide towards understanding processes of biodiversity accumulation. This led to my involvement in a project in our department on the community assembly of the Hawaiian arthropod fauna. In the course of this project, several thousand arthropod samples comprising more than 1 million specimens were collected across the native rainforest of the Hawaiian Archipelago. My task is the development and establishment of rapid and cost efficient next generation sequencing tools for the taxonomic and phylogenetic characterization of these communities. We established an automatized barcoding pipeline allowing to generate multilocus barcode information for thousands of specimens and start developing a barcode reference library for Hawaiian arthropods. We also optimized metabarcoding protocols for the Hawaiian arthropod fauna and established a size sorting protocol to preprocess arthropod community samples. We have finished analyzing a preliminary metabarcoding dataset of 100,000 specimens, which suggest a considerable increase of species turnover across geographic and environmental distance with increasing substrate age. We will soon finalize analyzing the complete arthropod collection. Moreover, a cost-efficient and simple multilocus protocol was established to perform well supported phylogenetic analysis across entire arthropod communities. Microsatellite genotyping protocols using Illumina amplicon sequencing were established for large scale population genetic analyses and a software with a user-friendly graphical user interface was developed to guide researchers with little experience in next generation sequencing data through the analysis of amplicon sequencing data. For a project on feeding niche evolution in Hawaiian spiders, we developed a fast and cost-efficient method to enrich prey DNA from whole body extracts of predatory arthropods. This protocol allowed us to characterize the prey composition of several 100 predatory Hawaiian arthropods. Our results suggest a high degree of specialization to particular food sources, possibly to the benefit of invasive species. Analyses of gut microbial communities of spiders suggest a high intraspecific heterogeneity and no close association of the analyzed spiders with particular microbial communities. Over the short term, however, microbial communities of spiders can be completely dominated by prey derived microbes. The synergy of all these approaches will enable us to draw a detailed picture of the evolutionary and ecological processes, which shape the assembly of arthropod communities on oceanic archipelagos.
Projektbezogene Publikationen (Auswahl)
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(2017) Estimating and mitigating amplification bias in qualitative and quantitative arthropod metabarcoding. Scientific reports 7 (1) 17668
Krehenwinkel, Henrik; Wolf, Madeline; Lim, Jun Ying; Rominger, Andrew J.; Simison, Warren B.; Gillespie, Rosemary G.
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(2017). Linking evolutionary and ecological theory illuminates non-equilibrium biodiversity
Rominger, A. J., Overcast, I., Krehenwinkel, H., Gillespie, R. G., Harte, J., & Hickerson, M. J.
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(2015). An Analysis of Factors Affecting Genotyping Success from Museum Specimens Reveals an Increase of Genetic and Morphological Variation during a Historical Range Expansion of a European Spider. PloS one, 10(8), e0136337
Krehenwinkel, H., & Pekar, S.
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(2015). Eco‐Genomic analysis of the poleward range expansion of the wasp spider Argiope bruennichi shows rapid adaptation and genomic admixture. Global change biology, 21(12), 4320-4332
Krehenwinkel, H., Rödder, D., & Tautz, D.
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(2016). A phylogeographical survey of a highly dispersive spider reveals eastern Asia as a major glacial refugium for Palaearctic fauna. Journal of Biogeography, 43(8), 1583-1594
Krehenwinkel, H., Graze, M., Rödder, D., Tanaka, K., Baba, Y. G., Muster, C., & Uhl, G.
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(2016). Rapid genetic and ecological differentiation during the northern range expansion of the venomous yellow sac spider Cheiracanthium punctorium in Europe. Evolutionary applications, 9(10), 1229-1240
Krehenwinkel, H., Rödder, D., Năpăruş‐Aljančič, M., & Kuntner, M.
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(2017). A cost‐efficient and simple protocol to enrich prey DNA from extractions of predatory arthropods for large‐scale gut content analysis by Illumina sequencing. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 8(1), 126-134
Krehenwinkel, H., Kennedy, S., Pekár, S., & Gillespie, R. G.
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(2018): The effect of DNA degradation bias in passive sampling devices on metabarcoding studies of arthropod communities and their associated microbiota. In: PloS one 13 (1), e0189188
Krehenwinkel H., Fong M., Huang E.G., Kennedy S.R., Suzuki N., Cayetano L., Gillespie R.
