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Projekt Druckansicht

DFG Trilaterale Kooperation Deutschland-Israel-Palästina: Abwasser aus der Olivenölproduktion in Israel und Palästina - Wechselwirkungen mit Boden, Agrochemikalien sowie Mechanismen des Einbaus in den Boden, Abschluss der Feld- und Prozessstudie

Fachliche Zuordnung Bodenwissenschaften
Förderung Förderung von 2010 bis 2019
Projektkennung Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Projektnummer 175130783
 
Erstellungsjahr 2021

Zusammenfassung der Projektergebnisse

This project was conducted to (i) understand OMW-soil interaction processes and their effects on soil wettability, phytotoxicity and interaction with agrochemicals; (ii) to monitor short-term and long-term effects of OMW application in lab and field studies; (iii) to identify components responsible for changes in soil properties and (iv) to analyze interaction mechanisms of OMW-OM with soil in interplay with climatic conditions. For this, we performed various field and lab incubation studies, we have investigated the influence of seasonal conditions of OMW application on soil quality, agrochemical fate and toxicity against soil biota. The investigated field sites were typically representative for modern olive cultivation in South Israel and for traditional Palestinian olive agriculture in the West Bank, respectively. All in all, the project clearly demonstrates that the current practice of uncontrolled OMW disposal to soil can result in dramatic changes in topsoil composition and SOM quality, which are significantly stronger than those observed in studies dealing with the controlled application of OMW. Bringing together all the studies carried out in the project show that the degree of OMW-derived negative effects is attributed to salinization, secondary acidification and accumulation of phytotoxic phenolic compounds in soil. Additionally, an increase of organic carbon and electrical conductivity indicating fertilization comes along with a reduction of the pH and an increase in soil water repellency. All measured negative effects of OMW application showed a strong dependency on the timepoint of OMW application to soil and the dominant mode of OMW-soil interaction mechanisms: The most severe effects can be expected in the hot dry summer and the cold wet winter seasons, whereas moderate negative effects are can be expected in the spring season. The lowest negative effects can be expected in moist summer season (e.g., irrigation). Hence, the persistence of temporal negative effects in soil is more significant the longer the hot and dry conditions last after OMW application, causing the OMW constituents to accumulate and polymerize without being further degraded. Moreover, the composition and concentration of the potentially hazardous OMW residuals in the soil are highly dependent on the time span between OMW application and the next rain season, which leads to leaching of non-degraded constituents of OMW into the deeper soil layers and contamination of groundwater aquifers. Therefore, our findings suggest that summer and winter seasons should be avoided for OMW application to soil due to the high probability of groundwater contamination. Further, the accumulation of SOM increases agrochemical–soil interactions can result in an accumulation of pesticides in soil depending on the structure of the interacting molecule. In general, our results indicate that the pollution effects can accumulate with each application. If a recovery of the polluted soil back to the initial state is possible at all, the time required for recovery will most probably increase with the duration of pollution. Although the OMW polluted soils in West Bank may have been additionally limed, presumably for amelioration of unwanted OMW effects, most effects detected in this study can be ascribed to OMW-derived organic pollution.

Projektbezogene Publikationen (Auswahl)

 
 

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