FP 02: Development, calibration and application of independent salinity proxies - PaleoSalt
Final Report Abstract
EUROCLIMATE was an ESF EUROCORES Programme that supported research related to the inter‐relationship between global carbon cycle dynamics and climate variability of the past, present and future. EUROCLIMATE included nine international, multidisciplinary Collaborative Research Projects (CRPs). Each of the nine projects has dealt with very different aspects of this complex theme. Some have primarily pursued methodological advances (PaleoSalt, CASIOPEIA, IsoTrace), others focused on reconstructing climate‐biosphere and climate‐carbon cycle interactions (MERF, DecVeg, Tree14, ChallaCEA, DecLakes, RESOLuTION) at various time and spatial scales. Each of the projects has managed to cover most of the deliverables that were initially set out. New proxies have been developed, the absolute chronology based on tree rings has been extended and coupled to ice‐core archives. Most importantly, we have achieved that data producers and modellers are becoming close collaborators and that the contacts between the terrestrial and marine scientists have been firmly established. EUROCLIMATE has also been successfully collaborating with other ESF activities through joint networking activities e.g. special sessions, summer schools, publications, exchange of ideas and plans for the future and has developed close interactions with other major initiatives and programmes within the Earth System Science Partnership (IGBP, WCRP, IHDP and DIVERSITAS). EUROCLIMATE has developed synergistic relationships with these communities and strong, international scientific efforts. Some scientific issues such as climate change need to be addressed at a scale which is beyond the scope of national funding levels because its socio‐economic implications are global. PaleoSalt, one of the nine projects in EUROCLIMATE brought together nine partners from 6 different European countries in a multidisciplinary project to develop accurate and robust salinity proxies by (1) increasing precision, accuracy and applicability of the only currently used salinity proxy (combined δ18O-Mg/Ca approach), (2) developing a new approach through compound specific δD combined with UK37 and link the two by using δ18O and δD to deconvolve salinity, (3) using ultra-high-resolution elemental and isotopic analysis of biogenic carbonates to trace salinity changes. The PaleoSalt partners have successfully worked towards a mechanistic understanding of these proxy relationships in different organisms (foraminifera, coccolithophorids and bivalves) and verified them in the field. Within this project, the DFG funded partners successfully investigated the impact of salinity and carbonate chemistry on the incorporation of divalent cations in foraminifera and coccolithophorids. They also developed the first empirical calibration on deuterium fractionation in alkenones and developed a new method to determine the 3D elemental and molecular distribution of single foraminfera with cryo-ToF-SIMS/laser-SNMS. This could be a very useful technique to investigate the biomineralization processes and to develop new proxies.
Publications
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(2003). TOF-SIMS characterization of planktonic foraminifera. Applied surface science, 202/203, 785-788
Vering, G., Crone, C., Bijma, J., Arlinghaus, H. F.
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(2006). Calcium isotope fractionation during coccolith formation in Emiliania huxleyi: Independence of growth and calcification rate, Geochem. Geophys. Geosys.
Langer, G., et al.
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(2006). Coccolith strontium to calcium ratios in Emiliania huxleyi: The dependence on seawater strontium and calcium concentrations. Limnol. Oceanogr., 51(1), 310 - 320
Langer, G., et al.
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(2006). Resonant laser-SNMS of boron for analysis of paleoceanographic samples. Appl.Surf.Sci., 252,7163- 7166
Vering, G., Crone, C., Kathers, P., Bijma, J., Arlinghaus, H. F.
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(2007). Dependence of calcite growth rate and Sr partitioning on solution stoichiometry: Non-Kossel crystal growth. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 71(9), 2240-2249
Nehrke, G., et al.
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(2007). Dissolution of Calcidiscus leptoporus coccoliths in copepod guts?- A morphological study. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 331, 139 - 146
Langer, G., et al.
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(2008). Possibilities and limitations of high-resolution mass spectrometry in life sciences. Appl. Surf. Sci. 255 (4), 1058-1063
Arlinghaus, H.F.
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(2009). Barium partitioning in coccoliths of Emiliania huxleyi. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 73(10), 2899-2906
Langer, G., et al.
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(2009). Effect of salinity and seawater calcite saturation state on Mg and Sr incorporation in planktonic foraminifera. Marine Micropaleontology, 73(3-4),178-189
Dueñas-Bohórquez, A., da Rocha, R.E., Kuroyanagi, A., Bijma, J., Reichart, G.-J.
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(2009). Effect of the fluorescent indicator calcein on Mg and Sr incorporation into foraminiferal calcite. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, Volume 10, Number 1
Dissard, D., Nehrke, G, Reichart, G. J., Nouet, J., Bijma, J.
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(2009). Strain-specific responses of Emiliania huxleyi to changing seawater carbonate chemistry. Biogeosciences, 6(11), 2637-2646
Langer, G., et al.
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(2010). Effect of carbonate ion concentration and irradiance on calcification in planktonic foraminifera. Biogeosciences, 7, 247-255
Lombard, F., da Rocha, R. E., Bijma, J., Gattuso, J. -P.
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(2010). Impact of seawater pCO2 on calcification and Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios in benthic foraminifera calcite: results from culturing experiments with Ammonia tepida. Biogeosciences, 7, 81-93
Dissard, D., Nehrke, G., Reichart, G.J., Bijma, J.
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(2010). The impact of salinity on the Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratio in the benthic foraminifera Ammonia tepida: Results from culture experiments. Geochimica et Cosmocimica Acta, 74(3), 928 - 940
Dissard, D., Nehrke, G., Reichart, G.J., Bijma, J.
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2010. Interindividual variability and ontogenetic effects on Mg and Sr incorporation in the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides sacculifer. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Dueñas-Bohórquez, A., da Rocha, R. E., Kuroyanagi, A., Bijma, J., Reichart, G. -J.
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2010. Perturbing phytoplankton: a tale of isotopic fractionation in two coccolithophore species. Clim. Past Discuss., 6, 257–294
Rickaby, R. E. M., Henderiks, J. and Young, J. N.
