Kristallisation, Entgasung und Fragmentierung von Lavadomen und Transport- mechanismen der resultierenden pyroklastischen Block- und Aschenströme am Beispiel des Merapi Vulkans (Java, Indonesien)

• Applicant: Professor Dr. Hans-Ulrich Schmincke (†)
• Subject Area: Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry
• Term: from 1997 to 2008
• Project identifier: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Project number 5264988

• Final Report Year: 2008

Final Report Abstract

The aim of our project was to analyze the evolution of dome-building eruptions at Merapi, the most active dome-building volcano on Earth. One partial project (financed for 1 year) focused on the reconstruction of intrinsic magmatic conditions preceding several eruptions that occurred within last century. These included PT-conditions, volatile pressures, and stages of crystallization and ascent rates. Results are briefly reviewed below. The goal ofthe second project was a detailed analysis of the lithology of block-and-ash flows (baf), a common but very poorly studied type of pyroclastic flow spawned by dome collapses. We focused on intemal structures ofthe 1994 and 1998 flows, grain size distribution, degree of fragmentation with distance, type of flow mechanism and energy and temperature reached during block collisions. The results contributed to a much better understanding of the transport mechanisms of types of pyroclastic density currents many of which occur in densely populated areas of the world. Results were presented at several intemational conferences and in 4 publications.

Publications

• (2000) Die Vulkanwelt Indonesiens. Geogr Rdsch 52: 4- 12
  Schwarzkopf LM, Schmincke H-U
  
• (2001) Comment on the paper "Friction marks on blocks from pyroclastic flows at the Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat: Implications for flow mechanisms" by Grunewald et al. Geology 30: 190
  Schwarzkopf LM, Schmincke H-U, Troll VR
  
• (2001) Pseudotachylite on impact marks of block surfaces in block-and-ash flows at Merapi volcano. Central Java, Indonesia. Int J Earth Sci 90: 769-775
  Schwarzkopf LM, Schmincke H-U, Troll V
  
• (2005) A conceptual model for block-and-ash flow basal avalanche transport and deposition, based on deposit architecture of 1998 and 1994 Merapi flows. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 139: 117-134
  Schwarzkopf LM, Schmincke H-U, Cronin SJ