Differential Optical Absorption Spektoscopy (DOAS) Observations from HALO

• Applicant: Professor Dr. Klaus Pfeilsticker
• Subject Area: Atmospheric Science
• Term: from 2007 to 2017
• Project identifier: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Project number 47530744

• Final Report Year: 2017

Final Report Abstract

Within the present SPP-1294 phase projects, two state-of-the-art novel DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) instruments (namely the mini-DOAS and the 2-D Imaging DOAS instrument) were developed, certified, tested and successfully deployed on the HALO aircraft, and in the case of the 2-D imaging instrument due to missing flight opportunities on HALO on some other aircrafts. The mini-DOAS instrument participated in the TACTS/ESMVal in August 2012, Narval in December 2013/January 2014, ML-Cirrus in March/April 2014, Acridicon in Sept./Oct. 2014, OMO in July/August 2015, and Polstracc/GW-LCYCLE/SALSA in Dec 2015/March 2016, and the 2-D imaging instrument in missions in spring 2011 at Mt. Enta, Italy, autumn 2011 Indiana, USA and 2012 during BROMEX in Barrow, Alaska, USA. Moreover, significant progress has been made within the present project to develop suitable retrieval methods, tools and software to infer absolute concentration from the remotely sensed quantities (i.e. mostly slant column amounts of the targeted species) from the air-borne UV/vis/nearIR limb measurements under all skies. These include (a) a versatile radiative transfer Monte Carlo model (McArtim) with which Jacobian (and Hesse) matrices can be calculated, (b) a novel Mie scattering code (GDT-matrix) with which the light scattering of irregular shaped solid small particle (c.f. cirrus ice particle) can be calculated to high accuracy, (c) an inversion code (Mars) for non-linear inversions based on the optimal estimation, and (d) a novel method for the retrieval of absolute concentrations at flight level from limb measurements. Important scientific achievements were also obtained using the novel 2-D Imaging DOAS instrument HAIDI. During its deployment around Mt Etna in 2011, spatially resolved measurements of SO2, BrO and for the first time of OClO in volcanic plumes were mapped in 2D. The inferred maps contributed significantly to the quantitative understanding of the BrO formation and destruction in volcanic plumes. Also for the first time, the significance of reactive chlorine species in plume photochemical processes was demonstrated. The potential of the 2D Imaging DOAS for NO2 air pollution monitoring and estimation of total emission strength was demonstrated during measurements in a research campaign around Indianapolis (Indiana, USA, 2011). Further, the HAIDI instrument contributed to the so far most comprehensive study on the bromine explosion mechanism in the Arctic preformed within the framework of BRomine, Ozone, and Mercury EXperiment (BROMEX) campaign at Barrow (Alaska, USA) in spring 2012. The campaigned focussed on mechanism to explain the release of active bromine from fresh sea ice. Specifically, the observations performed with the HAIDI instrument provided evidence for the release of reactive bromine from the snow covered inland surfaces. The mapping of BrO concentrations with HAIDI over a large area of fresh sea ice with frost flowers, as well as with snow of potentially high salinity, lead to a better understanding of the sources of bromine radicals in the Arctic. Also the relevance of NO2 for the amount of BrO in the lower troposphere was demonstrated. Correlations of BrO with aerosols and altitude gained new insight into the bromine transport and the bromine recycling mechanism.

Publications

• Airborne DOAS limb measurements of tropospheric trace gas profiles: case study on the profile retrieval of O4 and BrO, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 1241–1260, 2011
  Prados-Roman C., A. Butz, T. Deutschmann, M. Dorf, L. Kritten, A. Minikin, U. Platt, H. Schlager, H. Sihler, N. Theys, M. Van Roozendael, T. Wagner, and K. Pfeilsticker
  
• The Monte Carlo Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Model McArtim: Introduction and Validation of Jacobians and 3D Features, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 112, 6, Pages 1119–1137, 2011
  Deutschmann T., I. S. Beirle, U. Frieß, M. Grzegorski, C. Kern, L. Kritten, U. Platt, J. Pukite, T. Wagner, B. Werner, K. Pfeilsticker
  
• Arctic Sea Ice Reduction and Tropospheric Chemical Processes, BioNature, 2013
  Nghiem, S. V., P. B. Shepson, W. Simpson, D. K. Perovich, M. Sturm, T. Douglas, I. G. Rigor, P. Clemente-Colón, J. P. Burrows, A. Richter, A. Steffen, R. Staebler, D. Obrist, C. Moore, J. Bottenheim, retired, U. Platt, D. Pöhler, S. General, J. Zielcke, J. D. Fuentes, D. K. Hall, L. Kaleschke, J. Woods, C. Hager, J. Smith, C. R. Sweet, K. Pratt, K. Custard, P. Peterson, S. Walsh, E. Gleason, E. Saiet, M. Webster, R. Lieb-Lappen, C. Linder, and G. Neumann
  
• DOAS observations over Borneo during the SHIVA aircraft campaign, Malaysian Journal of Science 32 (SCS Special Issue), 259-266, 2013
  Großmann K., M. Dorf, M. Kenntner, V. Catoire, H. Schlager, F. Hendrick, I. DeSmedt, Y. Huan, and K. Pfeilsticker
  
• Photochemical production of molecular bromine in Arctic surface snowpacks, Nature Geoscience 6, 351–356, 2013
  Pratt, K. A., Custard, K. D., Shepson, P. B., Douglas, T. A., Pöhler, D., General, S., Zielcke, J., Simpson, W. R., Platt, U., Tanner, D. J., Huey, L. G. Carlsen, M. and Stirm, B. H.
  
• Airborne I-DOAS measurements at Mt. Etna BrO and OClO evolution in the plume, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 22 May 2014
  General, S., Bobrowski, N., Pöhler, D., Weber, K., Fischer, C. and Platt, U.
  
• Scattering of electromagnetic radiation based on numerical calculation of the T-matrix through its integral representation, Proc. SPIE 9232, International Conference on Optical Particle Characterization (OPC 2014), 923208 (August 6, 2014)
  Tricoli U., and K. Pfeilsticker
  
• The Heidelberg Airborne Imaging DOAS Instrument (HAIDI) – a novel Imaging DOAS device for 2-D and 3-D imaging of trace gases and aerosols, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 3459-3485, 2014
  General, S., Pöhler, D., Sihler, H., Bobrowski, N., Frieß, U., Zielcke, J., Horbanski, M., Shepson, P. B., Stirm, B. H., Simpson, W. R., Weber, K., Fischer, C., and Platt, U.
  
• Dependence of the vertical distribution of bromine monoxide in the lower troposphere on meteorological factors such as wind speed and stability, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2119-2137, 2015
  Peterson, P. K., Simpson, W. R., Pratt, K. A., Shepson, P. B., Frieß, U., Zielcke, J., Platt, U., Walsh, S. J., and Nghiem, S. V.
  
• The NOx dependence of bromine chemistry in the Arctic atmospheric boundary layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10799-10809, 2015
  Custard, K. D., Thompson, C. R., Pratt, K. A., Shepson, P. B., Liao, J., Huey, L. G., Orlando, J. J., Weinheimer, A. J., Apel, E., Hall, S. R., Flocke, F., Mauldin, L., Hornbrook, R. S., Pöhler, D., General, S., Zielcke, J., Simpson, W. R., Platt, U., Fried, A., Weibring, P., Sive, B. C., Ullmann, K., Cantrell, C., Knapp, D. J., and Montzka, D. D.
  
• Transition operator calculation with the Green's dyadic technique for electromagnetic scattering: a numerical approach using the Dyson equation, Journal Quant. Spectr. and Radiative Transfer, 162, 77- 88, 2015
  Tricoli, U., P. Vochezer, and K. Pfeilsticker
  
• (2016), The role of open lead interactions in atmospheric ozone variability between Arctic coastal and inland sites, Elem. Sci. Anth. (Elementa) 4, 000109
  Peterson P.K., Pratt K.A., Simpson W.R., Nghiem S.V., Pérez Pérez L.X., Boone E.J., Pöhler D., Zielke J., General S., Shepson P.B., Friess U., Platt U., and Stirm B.H.
  
• ML-CIRRUS - The airborne experiment on natural cirrus and contrail cirrus with the high-altitude long-range research aircraft HALO, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, D-15-00213, 2016
  Voigt, C., U.Schumann, A. Minikin, A. Abdelmonem, A. Afchine, S. Borrmann, M. Boettcher, B. Buchholz, L. Bugliaro, A. Costa, J. Curtius, M. Dollner, A. Dörnbrack, V. Dreiling, V. Ebert, A. Ehrlich, A. Fix, L. Forster, F. Frank, D. Fütterer, A. Giez, K. Graf, J.-U. Grooß, S. Groß, K. Heimerl, B. Heinold, T. Hüneke, E. Järvinen, T. Jurkat, S. K., M. Kenntner, M. Klingebiel, T. Klimach, R. Kohl, M. Krämer, T. C. Krisna, A. Luebke, B. Mayer, S. Mertes, S. Molleker, A. Petzold, K. Pfeilsticker, M. Port, M. Rapp, P. Reutter, C. Rolf, D. Rose, D. Sauer, A. Schäuer, R. Schlage, M. Schnaiter, J. Schneider, N. Spelten, P. Spichtinger, P. Stock, A. Walser, R. Weigel, B. Weinzierl, M. Wendisch, F. Werner, H. Wernli, M. Wirth, A. Zahn, H. Ziereis, Martin Zöger
  
• Quasi-Spherical Ice in Convective Clouds, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 73, 10, 3885 - 3910, 2016
  Järvinen, E., Martin Schnaiter, Guillaume Mioche, Olivier Jourdan, Valery N. Shcherbakov, Anja Costa, Armin Afchine, Martina Krämer, Fabian Heidelberg, Tina Jurkat, Christiane Voigt, Hans Schlager, Leonid Nichman, Martin Gallagher, Edwin Hirst, Carl Schmitt, Aaron Bansemer, Andy Heymsfeld, Paul Lawson, Ugo Tricoli, Klaus Pfeils cker, Paul Vochezer, Ottmar Möhler and Thomas Leisner
  
• The ACRIDICON-CHUVA campaign to study tropical deep convective clouds and precipitation using the new German research aircraft HALO, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 97, 10, 1885 - 1908, 2016
  Wendisch M., Pöschl U., Andreae M. O., Machado, Luiz A. L. Raschel, A., Schlager H., Rosenfeld D., Martin, S. T., Abdelmonem, A. Afchine A., Araujo A., Artaxo P., Aufmho H., Barbosa H. M. J., Borrmann S., Braga R., Buchholz B., Cecchini, M. A., Costa A., Curtius J., Dollner M., Dorf M., Dreiling V., Ebert V., Ehrlich A., Ewald F., Fisch G., Fix A., Frank F., Fuetterer D., Heckl C., Heidelberg F., Hueneke T., Jaekel E., Jaervinen E., Jurkat T., Kanter S., Kaestner U., Kenntner M., Kesselmeier J., Klimach T., Knecht M., Kohl R., Koelling T., Kraemer M., Krueger M., Krisna T. C., Lavric J. V., Longo K., Mahnke C., Manzi A. O., Mayer B., Mertes S., Minikin A., Molleker S., Muench, S. Nillius B., Pfeilsticker K., Poehlker C., Roiger A., Rose D., Rosenow D., Sauer D., Schnaiter M., Schneider J., Schulz C., de Souza R. A. F., Spanu A., Stock P., Vila D., Voigt C., Walser A., Walter D., Weigel R., Weinzierl B., Werner F., Yamasoe, M. A., Ziereis H., Zinner T., Zoeger M.
  
• Depletion of ozone and reservoir species of chlorine and nitrogen oxide in the lower Antarctic polar vortex measured from aircraft, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 2017
  Jurkat T., C. Voigt, S. Kaufmann, J.-U. Grooß, H. Ziereis, A. Dörnbrack, P. Hoor, H. Bozem, A. Engel, H. Bönisch, T. Keber, T. Hüneke, K. Pfeilsticker, K. Walker, C.D. Boone, P.F. Bernath, and H. Schlager
  
• Observations of bromine monoxide transport in the Arctic sustained on aerosol particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 7567-7579, 2017
  Peterson, P. K., Pöhler, D., Sihler, H., Zielcke, J., General, S., Frieß, U., Platt, U., Simpson, W. R., Nghiem, S. V., Shepson, P. B., Stirm, B. H., Dhaniyala, S., Wagner, T., Caulton, D. R., Fuentes, J. D., and Pratt, K. A.
  
• Potential of remote sensing of cirrus optical thickness by airborne spectral radiance measurements at different sideward viewing angles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 4283-4303, 2017
  Wolf K., Ehrlich, A., Hüneke, T., Pfeilsticker, K., Werner, F., Wirth, M., and Wendisch, M.
  
• The novel HALO mini-DOAS instrument: Inferring trace gas concentrations from air-borne UV/visible limb spectroscopy under all skies using the scaling method, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss.
  Hüneke, T., Aderhold, O.-A., Bounin, J., Dorf, M., Gentry, E., Grossmann, K., Grooß, J.-U., Hoor, P., Jöckel, P., Kenntner, M., Knapp, M., Knecht, M., Lörks, D., Ludmann, S., Raecke, R., Reichert, M., Weimar, J., Werner, B., Zahn, A., Ziereis, H., and Pfeilsticker, K.