Effects of Obesity on Periodontal Tissues Subjected to Biomechanical Forces
Final Report Abstract
Obesity is characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, which has a negative impact on overall health. Obesity has been shown to be associated with periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of bacterial origin characterized by the progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues (periodontium). Periodontopathogens trigger an inflammatory immune response in the periodontium that can lead to tooth loss. The periodontium is subject to occlusal forces, i.e. biomechanical loading. Therefore, it should be clarified whether obesity also modulates the response of periodontal cells and tissues to biomechanical forces caused, for example, by orthodontic therapy. The main objective of this in-vivo and in-vitro projects was to investigate the effects of obesity and adipokines on the actions of biomechanical forces on periodontal cells and tissues in the presence and absence of bacterial infection. Our in-vitro and in-vivo studies demonstrated that the proinflammatory adipokine resistin is produced by periodontal cells and tissues, and that microbial and inflammatory stimuli lead to increased resistin expression and production in the periodontium. In addition, this adipokine negatively affected soft and hard tissue metabolism, suggesting that this adipokine may play a significant role in the negative effects of obesity and microorganisms on the periodontium. Further in-vivo studies showed that obesity may affect the proteomic profile of the periodontal ligament (PDL) in ligature-induced periodontitis. In addition, obesity also affected the proteomic profile of the PDL tissues from animals subjected to orthodontic forces. Our studies also demonstrated that obesity impairs alveolar bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement. Further in-vitro and in-vivo studies focused on the role of proinflammatory and apoptosis-related molecules in periodontal cells and tissues under microbial and biomechanical conditions. Orthodontic or biomechanical forces modulated the expression of pro-inflammatory and chemotactic cytokines and anti-apoptotic molecules in periodontal infections. Therefore, orthodontic therapy could lead to an altered host response in periodontal tissues, which in turn could promote the progression of periodontitis. When bacteriastimulated cells were biomechanically stressed, the gene expression for some proinflammatory mediators decreased. Biomechanical stress also decreased gene expressions induced by adipokines alone or in combination with bacteria. These results suggest that biomechanical forces may impair the synthesis of chemotactic molecules in the presence of periodontal infection and/or obesity, thereby potentially leading to an inadequate host response that could promote periodontal destruction. Overall, the in-vitro and in-vivo studies of this joint DFG/FAPESP project demonstrated that obesity exerts regulatory effects on periodontal cells and tissues, that obesity interacts with biomechanical/orthodontic forces as well as periodontal infections, and that specific molecules may play key roles in these processes.
Publications
- CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL5 modulation by microbial and biomechanical signals in periodontal cells and tissues - in vitro and in vivo studies. Clin Oral Investig. 2020 Oct;24(10):3661-3670
Rath-Deschner B, Memmert S, Damanaki A, Nokhbehsaim M, Eick S, Cirelli JA, Götz W, Deschner J, Jäger A, Nogueira AVB
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03244-1) - Resistin is increased in periodontal cells and tissues: in vitro and in vivo studies. Mediators Inflamm. 2020 Jan 20;2020:9817095
Nogueira AVB, Nokhbehsaim M, Tekin S, de Molon RS, Spolidorio LC, Memmert S, Damanaki A, Jäger A, Eick S, Deschner J, Cirelli JA
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9817095) - CXCL5, CXCL8, and CXCL10 regulation by bacteria and mechanical forces in periodontium. Ann Anat. 2021 Mar;234:151648
Rath-Deschner B, Memmert S, Damanaki A, de Molon RS, Nokhbehsaim M, Eick S, Kirschneck C, Cirelli JA, Deschner J, Jäger A, Nogueira AVB
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151648) - Effects of obesity on periodontal tissue remodeling during orthodontic movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2021 Apr;159(4):480-490
Marcantonio CC, Nogueira AVB, Leguizamón NDP, de Molon RS, Lopes MES, Silva RCL, Cerri PS, Deschner J, Cirelli JA
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.12.025) - Regulation of anti-apoptotic SOD2 and BIRC3 in periodontal cells and tissues. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan 8;22(2):591
Rath-Deschner B, Nogueira AVB, Memmert S, Nokhbehsaim M, Augusto Cirelli J, Eick S, Miosge N, Kirschneck C, Kesting M, Deschner J, Jäger A, Damanaki A
(See online at https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020591) - Interaction of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement-an in vitro and in vivo study. Clin Oral Investig. 2022 Jan;26(1):171-181
Rath-Deschner B, Nogueira AVB, Beisel-Memmert S, Nokhbehsaim M, Eick S, Cirelli JA, Deschner J, Jäger A, Damanaki A
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-03988-4) - Obesity affects the proteome profile of periodontal ligament submitted to mechanical forces induced by orthodontic tooth movement in rats. J Proteomics. 2022 Jul 15;263:104616
Marcantonio CC, Lopes MES, Mofatto LS, Salmon CR, Deschner J, Nociti-Junior FH, Cirelli JA, Nogueira AVB
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104616) - Obesity influences the proteome of periodontal ligament tissues following periodontitis induction in rats. J Periodontal Res. 2022 Jun;57(3):545-557
Lopes MES, Marcantonio CC, de Molon RS, Cerri PS, Salmon CR, Mofatto LS, Nociti Junior FH, Deschner J, Cirelli JA, Nogueira AVB
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12983)
