Role of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) isolated from adult tissue in bone tissue regeneration
Final Report Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) consist of a heterogeneous mix of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC), endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), monocytes, lymphocytes and pluripotent stem cells. Whereas the importance of MSC and EPC has been well documented in bone healing and regeneration studies, the role of pluripotent stem cells is still poorly understood. In the present study we evaluated if and how Very Small Embryonic Like cells (VSEL), isolated from rat BM-MNC, contribute to bone healing. Large bone defects were made in the femurs of 38 Sprague Dawley female rats and treated with β-TCP scaffold granules seeded with male VSEL; BM-MNC, VSEL-depleted BM-MNC or scaffold alone, and bone healing was evaluated at 8 weeks post-surgery. Bone healing was significantly increased in defects treated with VSEL cells and BM-MNC, compared to defects treated with VSEL-depleted BM-MNC. Donor cells were detected in new bone tissue, in all the defects treated with VSEL cells, and in fibrous tissue only in defects treated with VSEL-depleted BM-MNC. The of CD68+ cells was the highest in the VSEL-depleted group, whereas the number of TRAP positive cells was the lowest in this group. Based on these results, we can conclude that VSEL cells play a role in BM-MNC induced bone formation. In our rat femur defect model, in defects treated with VSEL-depleted BM-MNC, osteoclastogenesis and bone formation were decreased, and foreign body reaction was increased.
Publications
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Role of Adult Tissue-Derived Pluripotent Stem Cells in Bone Regeneration. Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2020 Feb;16(1):198-211
Leppik L, Sielatycka K, Henrich D, Han Z, Wang H, Eischen-Loges MJ, Oliveira KMC, Bhavsar MB, Ratajczak MZ, Barker JH
