New Horizons in Optical Networking with Elastic Spectrum Allocation and Parallel Transmission
Security and Dependability, Operating-, Communication- and Distributed Systems
Final Report Abstract
In this project, we studied the performance and applications of optical parallel network systems in combination with random Linear Network Coding (RLNC). Our scientific endeavor in this project was focused on four aspects of optical parallel transmission, namely, the architectural design and parallel routing, the role of RLNC in optical parallel transmission and optical layer privacy. First, we investigated the most suitable data forwarding technique over optical network with parallel transmission to improve physical layer security. For this reason, we derived new security measure and proposed secure transmission methods, which are based on random parallel routing schemes over optical circuit switched networks (WDM) and optical packet switched networks (OPS). Additionally, the required optical node architectures were investigated. The parallel transmission over OPS networks showed promising results especially in heavily loaded networks, while parallel transmission over WDM network showed better performance in over-provisioned network. Generally, the security of parallel transmission can be significantly improved by increasing the level of parallelization, while parallel transmission over OPS network may be potentially more secure than parallel transmission over WDM network. The combination of RLNC and parallelism yielded a major innovation in cross-layer design. When RLNC is used, the parallel transmission system provides high fault tolerance, spectral efficiency and optical reach. We analytically proved that the envisioned system design with RLNC is much more efficient than conventional systems with forward error correction only, especially in scenarios, where resulting bit error rate is very high. We also showed that the optical systems utilized RLNC combined with random selection of parallel paths outperform conventional systems with optimal paths especially regarding the buffer size at the receiver. This is of practical importance since network optimizations are computationally expensive, and slow for dynamic operational networks. Additionally, we investigated the role of random routing and RLNC for achieving better optical layer privacy and security. First, we studied how level of parallelization and amount of RLNC redundancy influence probability of a security attack and the effectiveness of RLNC to balance the demands of reliable transmission and security in optical networks. As a result, we showed that RLNC and a random path selection can effectively balance and improve both the security and reliability and, finally, determined a trade-off between protection against eavesdropping and jamming, which depends on level of parallelization and number of available channels. Finally, we treated the well-known privacy constructs of Onion Routing in the optical layer and addressed two practical issues: the design of all-optical anonymization nodes, and the privacy degree achieved. We proposed optical anonymization components integrated in optical cross connect architecture, which can be practically realized with 3 parallel optical LFSRs of length 5 and optical XOR operating at 100 Gb/s to provide a high computational security against privacy attack. Moreover, we proved formally that, for the encryption technique and distribution of secret information proposed, the system can be perfectly private and secrecy-preserving.
Publications
- "Improving Security in Optical Networks with Random Forwarding and Parallel Transmission," 2015 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), San Diego, CA, 2015, pp. 1-6
A. Engelmann, S. Zhao and A. Jukan
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.2015.7417629) - "Balancing the demands of reliability and security with linear network coding in optical networks," 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Kuala Lumpur, 2016, pp. 1-7
A. Engelmann and A. Jukan
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2016.7511590) - "Linear network coding and parallel transmission increase fault tolerance and optical reach," in IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 2017, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 244-256
X. Chen, A. Engelmann, A. Jukan and M. Medard
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.9.000244) - "Optical Onion Routing," 2017 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), Santa Clara, CA, 2017, pp. 323-328
A. Engelmann and A. Jukan
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCNC.2017.7876148) - "Practical Privacy in WDM Networks with All-Optical Layered Encryption" IEEE ICC’17 ONS, Paris, France, 2017, pp. 4670-4675
A. Engelmann and A. Jukan
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2017.7996813) - (2017): Exploiting Parallelism in Optical Network Systems: A Case Study of Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) in Ethernet-over-Optical Networks
A. Engelmann, W. Bziuk, A. Jukan and M.Médard
