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The nature and development of shear zone junctions

Subject Area Palaeontology
Term from 2014 to 2017
Project identifier Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Project number 253352143
 
Final Report Year 2018

Final Report Abstract

Ductile shear zones are usually imagined as straight disc-shaped high strain domains in rocks with simple gradients of vorticity and strain. Most shear zones, however, have a more complex geometry and are part of a network of interconnected zones of variable orientation that branch in a complex manner. Much is known about branching and interconnection of brittle faults, mainly due to 3D information obtained by the minerals industry. However, little is known about the branching systems of ductile shear zones and the way in which they form and develop. We investigated branching of ductile shear zones with a geometrical model, numerical modelling and field examples. The geometrical model predicts two main types of branches, freeway type with three identical branches; and zipper type geometries with two different types of branches. Numerical modelling shows that the rate of weakening within shear ones has a significant influence on their geometry. Shear zone branches gradually develop into junctions, and these change in character with increasing strain and complexity of branching. In most numerical and field examples, freeway shear zone junctions develop first, while zipper shear zone junctions form later. The geometric types of junctions formed in numerical models are similar to those in small scale field examples in simple tectonic settings, but differ significantly from those in large, lithosphere scale examples, where predating lithological elements largely determine the final geometry. An understanding of shear zone branches and their geometry can be important for fluid circulation in shear zone networks and the formation of ore deposits, and also for the storage of radioactive waste in basement rocks.

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