Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid (SCOPSCO) - sedimentstratigraphy, tephrostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy
Evolution, Anthropology
Final Report Abstract
The project was the central part of a DFG bundle proposal of several German research institutions and is integrated in a collaborative research program, mainly with partners from European research institutions. Within the scope of the ICDP project it was aimed to recover five up to 680 m long sediment sequences from Lake Ohrid (Albania and Macedonia). The ICDP project aimed to study the age and origin of Lake Ohrid, to achieve detailed information about geological, environmental and climate variations during the Quaternary and to improve the knowledge of the driving forces for biotic speciation. After a total of ~2100 m of sediment had been recovered from Lake Ohrid at four different sites in spring 2013, the sedimentological, tephrostratigraphical and chronostratigraphical work concentrated on the DEEP site record from the central part of Lake Ohrid, where six parallel holes were drilled with a maximum sediment depth of 569 m bss. At hthis site, a total recovery of 1526 m of sediment cores and a quasi-continuous record of the upper 447.12 m of the DEEP site sediment succession set the frame for the successful project here reported for. The DFG project was intended to provide basic sedimentological data from the DEEP site, to correlate these sedimentological data with geophysical data, to identify tephra and cryptotephra horizons for a master record of the eruptive history of Italian volcanoes and for the establishment of a detailed age model for the DEEP core, and to initiate and coordinate a joint interpretation of sedimentological, seismic and logging data. Sedimentological work included multi-sensor core logging (1 cm resollution), XRF scanning (0.5 cm resolution), and analyses of elemental data (TC, TN, TS, TOC, TIC at 8 cm resolution) as well as grain-size analyses (at 16 cm resolution) throughout the 447.12 m long hemi-pelagic fazies of the DEEP site. The deeper part of the sediment succession down to 569 m bss or 584 m core composite depth was analysed in the same sampling intervals, but a lower overall core recovery caused some hiatuses. The detailed geochemical and sedimentological analyses set the frame for other studies carried out with collaboration partners and for the establishment of a robust age-depth model, mainly based on tephrostratigraphic studies. To date, 54 tephra and cryptotephra horizons have been found in the upper 447 m of this DEEP site sediment succession. The high resolution of the DEEP site dataset and the independent age control from 13 interspersed tephra layers in combination with magnetostratigraphy and tuning of geochemical proxies versus orbital parameters provide an exceptional robust chronological framework for high-resolution environmental reconstruction over the last 1.36 Myr. As a result, the very good chronology of the DEEP site record allows determination of ages of new tephra layers. The geochemical fingerprint of these tepha layers can be used to align and synchronize records from the northern Mediterranean region, if tephra layers in other records show a similar geochemical fingerprint and a similar chronostratigraphic position. This full recovery of the entire history of Lake Ohrid incombination with excellent age control sets the frame to disentangle the overall arching question of drivers of biodiversity in the lake and to better understand driving forces of the environmental change in an overregional context. Most results of the studies of the upper 247.8 m of the DEEP site sediment succession are published. The lithological and sedimentological analyses of the lower part (>247.8 m) and the establishment of an age model for the entire record are accomplished to date and publications are ongoing.
Publications
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(2015): A high resolution Late Glacial to Holocene record of environmental change in the Mediterranean from Lake Ohrid (Macedonia/Albania). International Journal of Earth Sciences 104,1623-1638
Lacey J, Francke A, Leng MJ, Vane CH, Wagner B
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(2016): Aligning and synchronization of MIS5 proxy records from Lake Ohrid (FYROM) with independently dated Mediterranean archives: implications for DEEP core chronology. Biogeosciences 13, 2757-2768
Zanchetta G, Regattieri E, Giaccio B, Wagner B, Sulpizio R, Francke A, Vogel H, Sadori L, Masi A, Sinopoli G, Lacey JH, Leng ML, Leicher N
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(2016): First tephrostratigraphic results of the DEEP site record from Lake Ohrid (Macedonia and Albania). Biogeosciences 13, 2151-2178
Leicher N, Zanchetta G, Sulpizio R, Giaccio B, Wagner B, Nomade S, Francke A, Del Carlo P
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(2016): Northern Mediterranean climate since the Middle Pleistocene: a 637 ka stable isotope record from Lake Ohrid (Albania/Macedonia). Biogeosciences13, 1801-1820
Lacey JH, Leng MJ, Francke A, Sloane HJ, Milodowski A, Vogel H, Baumgarten H, Zanchetta G, Wagner B
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(2016): Pollen-based paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic change at Lake Ohrid (SE Europe) during the past 500 ka. Biogeosciences 13, 1423-1437
Sadori L, Koutsodendris A, Panagiotopoulos K, Masi A, Bertini A, Combourieu-Nebout N, Francke A, Kouli K, Joannin S, Mercuri AM, Peyron O, Torri P, Wagner B, Zanchetta G, Sinopoli G, Donders TH
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(2016): Sedimentological processes and environmental variability at Lake Ohrid (Macedonia, Albania) between 640 ka and modern days. Biogeosciences 13, 1179-1196
Francke A, Wagner B, Just J, Leicher N, Gromig R, Baumgarten H, Vogel H, Lacey JH, Sadori L, Wonik T, Leng MJ, Zanchetta G, Sulpizio R, Giaccio B
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(2017): The environmental and evolutionary history of Lake Ohrid (FYROM/Albania): Interim results from the SCOPSCO deep drilling project. Biogeosciences 14, 2033-2054
Wagner B, Wilke T, Francke A, Albrecht C, Baumgarten H, Bertini A, Combourieu-Nebout N, Cvetkoska A, D´Addabbo M, Donders TH, Föller K, Giaccio B, Grazhdani A, Hauffe T, Holtvoeth J, Joannin S, Jovanovska E, Just J, Kouli K, Koutsodendris A, Krastel S, Lacey JH, Leicher N, Leng MJ, Levkov Z, Lindhorst K, Masi A, Mercuri AM, Nomade S, Nowaczyk N, Panagiotopoulos K, Peyron O, Reed JM, Regattieri E, Sadori L, Sagnotti L, Stelbrink B, Sulpizio R, Tofilovska S, Torri P, Vogel H, Wagner T, Wagner-Cremer F, Wolff GA, Wonik T, Zanchetta G, Zhang XS
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(2018): Centennial-scale vegetation dynamics and climate variability in SE Europe during Marine Isotope Stage 11 based on a pollen record from Lake Ohrid. Quaternary Science Reviews 190, 20-38
Kousis I, Koutsodendris A, Peyron O, Leicher N, Francke A, Wagner B, Giaccio B, Knipping M, Pross J
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(2018): Evidence for carbon cycling in a large freshwater lake in the Balkans over the last 0.5 million years using the isotopic composition of bulk organic matter. Quaternary Science Reviews 202, 154-165
Zanchetta G, Baneschi I, Francke A, Boschi C, Regattieri E, Wagner B, Lacey JH, Leng MJ, Vogel H, Sadori L
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(2018): Palynology of the Last Interglacial Complex at Lake Ohrid: palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic inferences. Quaternary Science Reviews 180, 177-192
Sinopoli G, Masi A, Regattieri E, Wagner B, Francke A, Peyron O, Sadori L
