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Laboratory experiments for the interpretation of mass spectra from water ice particles measured in-situ onboard Cassini and future space missions

Subject Area Astrophysics and Astronomy
Term from 2011 to 2020
Project identifier Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Project number 203563259
 
Final Report Year 2019

Final Report Abstract

Most of the dust in the outer solar system is made of water ice with embedded other components. In-situ instruments onboard interplanetary spacecrafts perform TOF mass spectrometry of hypervelocity micro-particle impacts. The interpretation of these spectra strongly relies on laboratory data. We have performed a large set of laboratory experiments in order to unravel space data. We have also investigated fundamental mechanisms of charge separation, relevant for the velocity dependent detection process. Although, the IR-laser impact on a microbeam in vacuum (in the laboratory) has been found to be a good analogue for the impact of ice grains on detector electrodes in space resulting in decomposition and charge, as well as ion formation, it is not perfect. Therefore, a prototype ice particle accelerator has been tested and characterized. An advanced version of the laser driven ice particle accelerator is in progress at present. The ice particles are generated and accelerated by laser dispersion of a micro beam and the charged particles will be discriminated by electric fields. This will bring the laboratory experiments even closer to the space measurements in the future. One encouraging very recent discovery by the Cosmic Dust Analyzer (CDA) of Cassini and complementing laboratory experiments is the presence of complex organic macromolecular compounds in a subset of the plume ice grains. As the detection of these organics is dependent on impact speed, it is likely that they are fragments of larger organic molecules outside of the CDA mass range. So, the ocean of Enceladus may have the appropriate chemical inventory to enable life to subsist or originate.

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