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Linking early IL-4 producing cell types with allergic pulmonary inflammation induced by infection with Cryptococcus neoformans

Subject Area Immunology
Term from 2010 to 2015
Project identifier Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Project number 172924446
 
Final Report Year 2016

Final Report Abstract

In pulmonary cryptococcosis a Th2 response is detrimental for the host, concomitant with bronchoconstriction, mucus production by goblet cells, eosinophilia and alternative activation of macrophages. These factors are the base for an uncontrolled fungal growth with dissemination to peripheral organs, especially the central nervous system with inflammation of the meninges. Our findings show that in this fungal infection the most important cells to induce a Th2 response driven by IL-4 are Th2 cells and eosinophils. IL-4 is able to induce alternative activation of macrophages, one of the major pathological mechanisms in pulmonary cryptococcosis, as we had shown earlier. Whereas Th2 cells can induce aaMph, ILC2 cells seem uncapable of inducing alternative activation of macrophages. Another factor seen in mice susceptible for pulmonary cryptococcosis is the upregulation of IgE production during infection. Our data indicate that IgE is irrelevant for pathogenesis during pulmonary cryptococcosis, hence it is rather a marker for susceptibility than a pathogenesis factor.

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