Integrated design and evaluation of logistic networks - Highly Extensible Life-Cycle Oriented Placement of the Order Penetration Point Sub-Project 3: Supply Chain Process Adaptation
Final Report Abstract
The aim of phase 1 of the BRAGECRIM project entitled HeliOPP has been to develop a methodology for OPP positioning in global automotive supply chains across a complete product life-cycle, considering a systematic investigation on the influence of product diversity and resource flexibility under a supply chain perspective. This methodology allows the assessment of OPP design options by providing a structured process as well as analytical and simulation-based evaluation methods. Furthermore, it integrates a framework of OPP drivers and objectives. Beyond broadening the scope from the automotive industry to other industries, the work in renewal phase 2 has been focussed on integrating the two significant arising research fields of Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) and Green Supply Chain Design (GSCD). The first objective within phase 2 was to enhance the framework of OPP by presenting a conceptual framework that embraces supply chain risks and their management. The task was to identify supply chain risks in context of OPP positioning, explain how these risks can be managed, and how OPP and management affect each other. The constructed SCRM framework includes three parts, “risk identification”, “risk assessment” and “risk instruments”. In the next step, framework parts have been integrated into the OPP positioning method. In doing so, an assessment method for the rough and the detailed evaluation phase have been selected from the framework for and embedded into a framework. The “Loss Distribution Approach” was adapted from the supply chain context to first assess the registered risks quantitatively. The required detailed assessment of risks on a supply chain level was achieved by a two-stage simulation approach: the dynamic discrete-event simulation method, OTD-NET, which has been selected in phase 1, was extended by a Monte-Carlo-Simulation for risk sensitivity analysis. The second objective during phase 2 was to analyse the potential of OPP positioning as an instrument of Supply Chain Design under environmental objectives, otherwise known as green supply chain design (GSCD). An extensive review of further KPI systems has been conducted, concluding the typical environmental indicator categories: energy demand, greenhouse gas emissions, other pollutant emissions and noise. Ecological influencing factors (drivers and objectives) and instruments of green supply chain design have been methodologically integrated into the framework of OPP positioning. The integrated framework structures and arranges GSCD-relevant methods, tools, drivers, and measurement systems, indicating their mutual effects and dependencies and bringing them into an overall GSCD context. By extending material flow calculations using green KPI, the environmentally oriented tool MFCECO has been developed in cooperation with the project E²Log (“E²Log – Energieeffizienz in Logistik und Produktion”, BMWi). To enable the eco-integrated detailed assessment of logistics systems, dynamic discrete-event simulation method OTD-NET has been extended by an intra-simulative integration of an ecological assessment module. The supporting research in this work package was conducted through three multi-tier case studies which also served as dynamic validation of the developed methods. The first empirical study developed a riskprofile along three Brazilian automotive supply chains A case study of an eco-balanced German-Argentinian supply chain transports proved the potential of OPP positioning. In a third case, the benefits of an intrasimulative assessment approach were evaluated in the context of a supply chain for spare part of agriculture machines. This case shows the great impact of strategic OPP decisions on the performance and emissions. Current trends like development under the name of “industry 4.0” promise potential for the further efficiency of supply chains in both an economic and ecological sense. Here, “Industry 4.0” offers new technologies such as cyber-physical systems (CPS), cloud computing, smart devices. However, holistic concepts for integrating the requirements and potentials of these approaches and technologies into the Supply Chain Design process are still widely missing. Particularly, the question of how these technologies may influence the order penetration point is still unanswered. Furthermore, the concepts and demonstrators developed in this project follow a strict strategic logistics point of view. It is necessary to widen the focus in following projects to adjacent organisational departments such as procurement, sales or marketing. The subordinated levels of planning and operations provide further opportunities, which must eventually be taken into account.
Publications
- (2012): A Conceptual Framework for Green Supply Chain Design. In: Proceedings of the XVIII International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (ICIEOM 2012), Guimarães, Portugal
Cirullies, J.; Klingebiel, K.; Scavarda, L.F.
- (2013): Integration of environmental criteria into simulation-based postponement decisions. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Production Research, Iguassu Falls, Brazil, 2013
Cirullies, J.; Klingebiel, K.; Scavarda, L.F.; Ceryno, P.
- (2013): Supply chain flexibility: A review of the academic literature. In: Proceedings of the XIX International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (ICIEOM 2013), Valladolid, Spain, 2013
Ceryno, P.; Scavarda, L.F.; Klingebiel, K.; Schwede, C.
- (2013): Supply Chain Risk Management: A Content Analysis Approach. International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, Jg. 4, H. 3, S. 141-150
Ceryno, P.; Scavarda, L.F.; Klingebiel, K.; Yüzgülec, G.
- (2014): The impact of sales and operations planning practices on manufacturing operational performance. In: International Journal of Production Research, Jg. 52, H. 7, S. 2108-2121
Thomé, A.M.T.; Sousa, R.S.; Scavarda, L.F.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2013.853889)
